Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev

Early Years and Career Start of Nursultan Nazarbayev

Childhood and Youth

Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev was born on July 6, 1940, in the village of Chemolgan, in the Kazakh SSR. The environment of his early years was typical of the Soviet rural life of that era. Growing up, Nursultan witnessed the challenges and hardships faced by his family and fellow villagers. These experiences, combined with the rich cultural and traditional backdrop of Kazakhstan, played a significant role in shaping his worldview.

Nursultan Nazarbayev young

As a young boy, Nursultan displayed leadership qualities and a keen interest in community affairs. His parents, recognizing his potential, always encouraged him to pursue his ambitions and dreams. The stories of his ancestors, who were known for their wisdom and leadership in the community, inspired him. These tales of valor and resilience instilled in him a sense of duty and responsibility towards his people.

Education and Early Career Steps

Nazarbayev’s formal education began in his village school, where he excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities. Recognizing the importance of education in shaping one’s future, he moved to Almaty, the then capital of the Kazakh SSR, to continue his studies.

In Almaty, he enrolled in a technical school, specializing in metallurgy. His dedication and hard work led him to graduate with honors. After graduation, he started working at the Karaganda Steel Mill, one of the largest industrial complexes in the Soviet Union. It was here that Nazarbayev took his first steps into the world of professional work and politics.

His leadership skills did not go unnoticed. Within a short span, he climbed the ranks and took on significant responsibilities. His colleagues and superiors recognized his ability to mediate, make informed decisions, and lead teams effectively. These early experiences in the industrial sector provided him with insights into the workings of the economy, the importance of industrialization, and the challenges faced by the working class. It set the foundation for his future political career, where he would play a pivotal role in shaping the destiny of Kazakhstan.

Political Career Nursultan Nazarbayev in the USSR

Nursultan Nazarbayev’s ascent in the political arena of the Soviet Union was marked by significant milestones. His leadership roles within the Kazakh SSR and the Communist Party of Kazakhstan were instrumental in shaping his political trajectory and the future of Kazakhstan.

Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR

Nursultan Nazarbayev in ussr

Nazarbayev’s tenure as the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR began in 1984. This position, equivalent to that of a Prime Minister, entrusted him with the responsibility of overseeing the republic’s economic and administrative functions. Under his leadership, the Kazakh SSR witnessed a period of economic growth and infrastructural development. Nazarbayev prioritized industrialization, with a particular focus on the energy and mining sectors. His ability to balance the interests of Moscow with the needs of his republic earned him respect and recognition.

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan

In 1989, Nursultan Nazarbayev’s political career took another significant turn when he was appointed the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. This role positioned him as the top leader of the republic. As First Secretary, he navigated the complexities of a changing Soviet Union, especially during the period leading up to its dissolution. Nazarbayev advocated for greater autonomy for Kazakhstan while maintaining a cooperative stance with the central Soviet leadership. His tenure was marked by efforts to promote Kazakh identity and culture, even as he worked to ensure the republic’s stability amidst the broader changes sweeping the Soviet Union.

President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Nazarbayev’s ascent to the presidency of Kazakhstan marked a significant turning point in the nation’s history. As the first president of an independent Kazakhstan, his leadership would shape the trajectory of the country for decades to come.

Election and Early Years of Presidency

Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Nazarbayev was elected as the President of Kazakhstan in 1991, shortly after the country declared its independence from the Soviet Union. His election was seen as a beacon of hope for many Kazakhs who believed in his vision for a prosperous and united nation. During the initial years of his presidency, Nazarbayev faced the colossal task of transitioning Kazakhstan from a Soviet republic to an independent state. This involved establishing new governmental institutions, drafting a constitution, and navigating the economic challenges that came with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Despite the myriad of challenges, Nazarbayev’s leadership was characterized by a steady hand and a clear vision for the future of Kazakhstan.

Reforms and Foreign Policy of Nursultan Nazarbayev

One of the hallmarks of Nazarbayev’s presidency was his commitment to reforms, both economic and political. He introduced market-oriented economic reforms that aimed to diversify the economy and reduce its dependence on oil and gas. These reforms attracted foreign investments and led to significant economic growth in the subsequent years.

In terms of foreign policy, Nazarbayev positioned Kazakhstan as a bridge between the East and the West. He established strong diplomatic ties with neighboring countries, as well as with major global powers. His policy of multi-vector diplomacy ensured that Kazakhstan maintained balanced relations with countries like Russia, China, and the United States. This approach not only enhanced Kazakhstan’s international standing but also ensured its strategic importance in global affairs. Under Nazarbayev’s leadership, Kazakhstan also played a pivotal role in nuclear disarmament, voluntarily giving up the world’s fourth-largest nuclear arsenal and advocating for a nuclear-free world.

Resignation and Subsequent Activities

Reasons and Circumstances of Resignation

Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Nazarbayev’s resignation from the presidency in March 2019 came as a surprise to many, both within Kazakhstan and internationally. Having served as the nation’s leader since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Nazarbayev had become a central figure in the country’s political landscape. Several factors contributed to his decision to step down. Firstly, there was a growing sentiment among the younger generation for a change in leadership, reflecting a desire for political renewal. Additionally, economic challenges and concerns about succession planning may have influenced his decision. By resigning, Nazarbayev ensured a controlled transition of power, mitigating potential political unrest.

Activities After the Presidency

Post-resignation, Nazarbayev did not retreat from the political scene. Instead, he assumed the role of the Chairman of the Security Council, a position he had made lifelong in 2018. This role allows him to maintain significant influence over the country’s security and defense policies. Additionally, he was bestowed the title «Elbasy» or «Leader of the Nation,» which grants him and his family legal immunity and a continued role in state affairs.

Furthermore, Nazarbayev became an active participant in international diplomacy, representing Kazakhstan in various global forums. His experience and stature made him a sought-after mediator and advisor on regional issues, especially in Central Asia. Domestically, he continued to mentor and guide the new president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, ensuring a smooth transition and continuity in policies.

While no longer the president, Nazarbayev’s influence in Kazakhstan remains substantial, both in formal capacities and behind the scenes, shaping the nation’s trajectory in the years following his resignation.

Family of Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Nazarbayev’s family life has been a cornerstone of his journey, offering him both support and grounding amidst his political endeavors.

Spouse and Children

Nursultan Nazarbayev and family

Nursultan Nazarbayev is married to Sara Alpysovna Nazarbayeva. They tied the knot in 1962, and their union has been a testament to enduring love and partnership. Sara has been a constant presence by his side, often participating in various charitable activities and playing a significant role in the country’s social life.

Together, they have three daughters: Dariga, Dinara, and Aliya. Each of them has carved out their path in life, with Dariga venturing into politics, Dinara focusing on business, and Aliya exploring the world of arts and culture. Their achievements are a reflection of the values instilled in them by their parents. The Nazarbayev family, despite being in the limelight, has always emphasized the importance of unity, understanding, and mutual respect.

Political Views of Nursultan Nazarbayev

Nursultan Nazarbayev, as the first President of Kazakhstan, played a pivotal role in shaping the political landscape of the nation. His views, deeply rooted in pragmatism and a vision for a prosperous Kazakhstan, have been instrumental in guiding the country through its formative years post-independence.

Foreign Policy

Nazarbayev’s foreign policy can be characterized by its multi-vector approach. He believed in maintaining balanced relations with major global powers, ensuring that Kazakhstan’s interests were always at the forefront. This approach allowed the country to foster strong ties with neighboring Russia and China, while also building a constructive relationship with the West. Nazarbayev emphasized the importance of international cooperation, often advocating for peace and nuclear disarmament. Under his leadership, Kazakhstan voluntarily renounced its nuclear arsenal, setting a precedent for global disarmament efforts.

Socio-Economic Development

Nursultan Nazarbayev

On the domestic front, Nazarbayev’s vision for socio-economic development was clear: transform Kazakhstan into a modern, diversified economy that could compete on the global stage. He initiated a series of reforms aimed at liberalizing the economy, attracting foreign investments, and reducing the state’s role in key sectors. The emphasis was on creating a favorable business environment, bolstering infrastructure, and fostering innovation. Education and healthcare also saw significant improvements, with the government investing heavily in these sectors to ensure a brighter future for its citizens. The results of these efforts are evident in Kazakhstan’s steady growth rates, reduced poverty levels, and its emerging status as a regional economic powerhouse.

Criticism and Public Perception

Nursultan Nazarbayev’s tenure as the President of Kazakhstan has been marked by both admiration and criticism. While he is credited with stabilizing the nation and fostering economic growth, concerns about human rights and democratic processes have been persistent.

Attitude to Human Rights

Under Nazarbayev’s leadership, Kazakhstan experienced significant economic growth and infrastructural development. However, this progress was often overshadowed by allegations of human rights abuses. International organizations, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, have frequently raised concerns about freedom of expression, assembly, and association in the country. Journalists and opposition figures have faced intimidation, arrest, and in some cases, imprisonment. The government’s justification for these actions often centered on the need to maintain stability and prevent extremism, but critics argue that they were measures to suppress dissent and maintain a tight grip on power.

Titles, Honors, and Awards

Throughout his illustrious career, Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev has been the recipient of numerous accolades that recognize his contributions to Kazakhstan and the global community.

Awards from Kazakhstan and Other Countries

Nursultan Nazarbayev’s leadership in Kazakhstan has earned him several national awards, including the «Order of the Golden Eagle» and the «Order of Otan.» These honors signify his dedication to the nation’s progress and his role in shaping its modern identity. Internationally, his efforts in promoting peace and cooperation have been acknowledged. He has received awards such as the «Order of Friendship» from Russia, the «Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath» from the United Kingdom, and the «Order of the Republic» from Turkey, among others.

Contribution to Culture and Science

Nazarbayev’s influence extends beyond politics. He has significantly impacted Kazakhstan’s cultural and scientific spheres, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s intellectual landscape.

Scientific Works and Publications

A proponent of education and research, Nazarbayev has penned several works that delve into the socio-economic and political fabric of Kazakhstan. His publications, such as «The Kazakhstan Way» and «In the Stream of History,» provide insights into his vision for the country and its place in the world. These writings not only reflect his political philosophy but also underscore the importance of knowledge and innovation in driving a nation’s growth.

Kazakhstan